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IGK
2008.02.29. 07:53
A rendhagyk kzl nhny+ egy kis nyelvtan
VERBS
Pl. work – dolgozik (de E.3.sz. works)
to work - dolgozni
working - dolgozik (most – continuous)
worked - (mlt –simple past)
worked („mltabb mlt” past participle [3.alak] ez esetben a 3. alak ugyan az, mint az egyszer mlt. Egyes rendhagy igknl ez ms!!!
get up / got up / getting up / gets up
wash / washed / washing / washes
take a bath / took a bath / taking a bath / takes a bath
take a shower / took a shower / taking a shower / takes a shower
eat / ate / eaten/eating / eats
drink / drank / drinking / drinks
work / worked / working / works
learn / learnt / learning / learns
cook / cooked / cooking / cooks
boil / boiled / boiling / boils
fry / fried /frying / fries
listen (to) / listened / listening /listens
sing / sang / singing / sings
watch (TV) / watched / watching / watches
hit / hit / hitting /hits
beat / beat / beaten/beating / beats
break / broke / breaking / breaks
cut / cut / cutting / cuts
slice / sliced / slicing /slices
tear / tore / tearing / tears
turn / turn / turning /turns
shake / shook / shaking / shakes
touch / touched / touching / touches
smile / smile / smiling / smiles
laugh / laugh / laughing / laughs
cry / cried / crying / cries
speak / spoke / spoken/speaking /speaks
talk / talked /talking / talks
shout / shouted / shouting / shouts
kiss / kissed / kissing /kisses
bring / brought / bringing / brings
give / gave/given /giving/ gives
sell / sold / selling / sells
buy / bought /buying / buys
close / closed / closing / closes
open / opened / opening / opens
fall / fell / falling / falls
feel / felt / feeling / feels
know / knew / NINCS / knows
see / saw / NINCS / sees
hear / heard / NINCS / hears
understand / understood / NINCS / understands
forget / forgot /NINCS / forgets
remember / remembered / NINCS / remembers
like / liked / NINCS / likes
love / loved /NINCS / loves
think / thought / thinking / thinks
want / wanted / NINCS / wants
Rendhagy igk (Irregular Verbs)
Rendhagyak, mert a mlt idej alakjuk
nem a szoksos –(e)d vgzdst kapja, hanem mst:
to be / was/been
to see / saw/seen
to begin / began/begun
to go / went/ gone/going/ goes
to drink / drank/drinking/drinks
to do / did/does
to run / ran/running/runs
to sing / sang/singing/sings
to come / came/coming/comes
to drive / drove/driven/driving/drives
to write / wrote/writing/writes
to give / gave/giving/gives
to eat / ate/eating/eats
to take / took/taken/taking/takes
to break / broke/broken/breaking/breaks
to speak / spoke/spoken/speaking/speaks
to feed / fed/feeding/feeds
to read / read/reading/reads
to meet / met/meeting/meets
to keep / kept/keeping/keeps
to sleep / slept/sleeping/sleeps
to leave / left/leaving/leaves
to hold / held/holding/holds
to bring / brought/bringing/brings
to teach / taught/teaching/teaches
to sell / sold/selling/sells
to get / got/getting/gets
to buy / bought/buying/buys
to lend / lent/lending/lens
to send /sent/sending/sends
to forget / forgot/forgotten/forgets
to know / knew/knows
to make / made/making/makes
to have / had/having/has
to cut / cut/cutting/cuts
to cost / cost/costs
to put / put/putting/puts
to let / let/lets
to hurt / hurt/hurts
IGEIDK (Tenses)
Az angol nyelvben az id s az igeid fogalma klnbzik. Mg a magyar nyelvben hrom igeid van (jelen, mlt, jv), az angol a tizenkt igeidn bell megklnbzteti a cselekvs idejt (jelen –present, mlt – past, jv – future), a cselekvs idtartamt: folyamatossgt (continuous) illetve befejezettsgt (perfect); s a cselekvsek egymshoz, vagy egy idponthoz val viszonyt.
Az igeidk rendszere:
Present Tenses (Jelen idk)
Simple Present Egyszer jelen I speak English. He speaks English.
Present Continuous Folyamatos jelen I am learning English. She is waiting for me.
Present Perfect Befejezett jelen I have been in England.
Present Perfect Continuous Folyamatos szemllet befejezett jelen I have been listening English news.
Past Tenses (Mlt idk)
Sipmle Past Egyszer mlt I worked yesterday.
Past Continuous Folyamatos mlt I was learning English then.
Past Perfect Befejezett mlt I had learned English,
Past Perfect Continuous Folyamatos szemllet befejezett mlt I had been learning English.
Future Tenses (Jv Idk)
Future Simple Egyszer jv I will learn English.
Future Continuous Folyamatos jv I will be learning English.
Future perfect Befejezett jv id I will have been married.
Future Perfect Continuous Folyamatos szemllet befejezett jv I will have been learning English.
1. Present Simple ige (s E/3sz -ben + (e)s. Szoksos, ismtld cselekvs a jelenben:
Cats like milk. He drinks a lot. She likes fish.
Krds, tagads do segdigvel : Do you like oranges ? Does he like oranges?
I don’t like oranges. He doesn’t like oranges.
2. Present Continuous to be ragozott alakja + ige + ing Jelen pillanatban vgbemen, folyamat
I am going We are going cselekvsnl.
You are going You are going
He/She/It is going They are going
Krds a szrend felcsrlsvel trtnik: Am I going?, Are you going? Is he going?
Tagads a n o t tagad szval trtnik: I am not going. You are not going (sszevont alak aren’t)
He/She/It is not (He/She/It isn’t)
3. Present Perfect (Befejezett jelen id) have + az ige 3. alakja [A legtbb ige 3. alakjt –ed toldalkkal kpezzk, a rendhagy igk alakjait kln meg kell tanulni!]
Hasznlat:
- ha a cselekvs amltban kezddtt s a jelen pillanat eltt fejezdtt be
- ha a mltbli cselekvsnek a jelenre kihat eredmnye van: (He has broken a cup –Eltrt egy csszt = a cssze most is el van trve)
Pl. I have been to London. (Voltam Londonban)
Krds: Have you ever been to London?
Tagads: I have not (haven’t) ever been to London.
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